Replace sampler balancing by loss balancing

This MR removes balancing of the training sampler and replaces it by loss balancing, if the loss function allows it (= contains a pos_weight parameter). Binary and exclusive, multi-class targets are supported. Using a database with multi-class, non-exclusive targets will raise a NotImplementedError for now.

Models now expect the class and arguments of the loss used instead of an instance, just like it is done with the optimizer. It is instantiated in trainer.py::run() and balanced if possible.

A base Model class has been created that other models should inherit from.

closes #6 (closed)

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -241,8 +241,7 @@ def test_train_pasa_montgomery(temporary_basedir):
         keywords = {
             r"^Loading dataset:`train` without caching. Trade-off: CPU RAM usage: less | Disk I/O: more.$": 1,
             r"^Loading dataset:`validation` without caching. Trade-off: CPU RAM usage: less | Disk I/O: more.$": 1,
-            r"^Applying DataModule train sampler balancing...$": 1,
-            r"^Balancing samples from dataset using metadata targets `label`$": 1,
+            r"^Applying train/valid loss balancing...$": 1,
             r"^Training for at most 1 epochs.$": 1,
             r"^Uninitialised pasa model - computing z-norm factors from train dataloader.$": 1,
             r"^Writing run metadata at.*$": 1,
@@ -323,8 +322,7 @@ def test_train_pasa_montgomery_from_checkpoint(temporary_basedir):
         keywords = {
             r"^Loading dataset:`train` without caching. Trade-off: CPU RAM usage: less | Disk I/O: more.$": 1,
             r"^Loading dataset:`validation` without caching. Trade-off: CPU RAM usage: less | Disk I/O: more.$": 1,
-            r"^Applying DataModule train sampler balancing...$": 1,
-            r"^Balancing samples from dataset using metadata targets `label`$": 1,
+            r"^Applying train/valid loss balancing...$": 1,
             r"^Training for at most 2 epochs.$": 1,
             r"^Resuming from epoch 0 \(checkpoint file: .*$": 1,
             r"^Writing run metadata at.*$": 1,