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Commit 359b8703 authored by Tiago de Freitas Pereira's avatar Tiago de Freitas Pereira
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[sphinx] Cleaning up documentation

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......@@ -234,7 +234,9 @@ from bob.extension.utils import link_documentation, load_requirements
sphinx_requirements = "extra-intersphinx.txt"
if os.path.exists(sphinx_requirements):
intersphinx_mapping = link_documentation(
additional_packages=['python', 'numpy'] + load_requirements(sphinx_requirements))
additional_packages=['python', 'numpy'] + \
load_requirements(sphinx_requirements)
)
else:
intersphinx_mapping = link_documentation()
......
......@@ -695,97 +695,6 @@ computed, which is defined in more formal way by:
shutil.rmtree(temp_dir)
Score Normalization
-------------------
Score normalization aims to compensate statistical variations in output scores
due to changes in the conditions across different enrollment and probe samples.
This is achieved by scaling distributions of system output scores to better
facilitate the application of a single, global threshold for authentication.
Bob has implemented 3 different strategies to normalize scores and these
strategies are presented in the next subsections.
Z-Norm
======
.. _znorm:
Given a score :math:`s_i`, Z-Norm [Auckenthaler2000]_ and [Mariethoz2005]_
(zero-normalization) scales this value by the mean (:math:`\mu`) and standard
deviation (:math:`\sigma`) of an impostor score distribution. This score
distribution can be computed before hand and it is defined as the following.
.. math::
zs_i = \frac{s_i - \mu}{\sigma}
This scoring technique is implemented in :py:func:`bob.learn.em.znorm`. Follow
bellow an example of score normalization using :py:func:`bob.learn.em.znorm`.
.. plot:: plot/plot_Znorm.py
:include-source: True
.. note::
Observe how the scores were scaled in the plot above.
T-Norm
======
.. _tnorm:
T-norm [Auckenthaler2000]_ and [Mariethoz2005]_ (Test-normalization) operates
in a probe-centric manner. If in the Z-Norm :math:`\mu` and :math:`\sigma` are
estimated using an impostor set of models and its scores, the t-norm computes
these statistics using the current probe sample against at set of models in a
co-hort :math:`\Theta_{c}`. A co-hort can be any semantic organization that is
sensible to your recognition task, such as sex (male and females), ethnicity,
age, etc and is defined as the following.
.. math::
zs_i = \frac{s_i - \mu}{\sigma}
where, :math:`s_i` is :math:`P(x_i | \Theta)` (the score given the claimed
model), :math:`\mu = \frac{ \sum\limits_{i=0}^{N} P(x_i | \Theta_{c}) }{N}`
(:math:`\Theta_{c}` are the models of one co-hort) and :math:`\sigma` is the
standard deviation computed using the same criteria used to compute
:math:`\mu`.
This scoring technique is implemented in :py:func:`bob.learn.em.tnorm`. Follow
bellow an example of score normalization using :py:func:`bob.learn.em.tnorm`.
.. plot:: plot/plot_Tnorm.py
:include-source: True
.. note::
T-norm introduces extra computation during scoring, as the probe samples
need to be compared to each cohort model in order to have :math:`\mu` and
:math:`\sigma`.
ZT-Norm
=======
.. _ztnorm:
ZT-Norm [Auckenthaler2000]_ and [Mariethoz2005]_ consists in the application of
:ref:`Z-Norm <znorm>` followed by a :ref:`T-Norm <tnorm>` and it is implemented
in :py:func:`bob.learn.em.ztnorm`.
Follow bellow an example of score normalization using
:py:func:`bob.learn.em.ztnorm`.
.. plot:: plot/plot_ZTnorm.py
:include-source: True
.. note::
Observe how the scores were scaled in the plot above.
.. Place here your external references
.. include:: links.rst
......
......@@ -49,10 +49,6 @@ References
.. [Glembek2009] Glembek, Ondrej, et al. "Comparison of scoring methods used in speaker recognition with joint factor analysis." Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2009. ICASSP 2009. IEEE International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
.. [Auckenthaler2000] Auckenthaler, Roland, Michael Carey, and Harvey Lloyd-Thomas. "Score normalization for text-independent speaker verification systems." Digital Signal Processing 10.1 (2000): 42-54.
.. [Mariethoz2005] Mariethoz, Johnny, and Samy Bengio. "A unified framework for score normalization techniques applied to text-independent speaker verification." IEEE signal processing letters 12.7 (2005): 532-535.
Indices and tables
------------------
......
py:class bob.learn.em.GMMStats.n
py:class bob.learn.em.GMMStats.sum_px
py:class bob.learn.em.GMMStats.sum_pxx
\ No newline at end of file
......@@ -49,12 +49,8 @@ Functions
.. autosummary::
bob.learn.em.linear_scoring
bob.learn.em.tnorm
bob.learn.em.train
bob.learn.em.train_jfa
bob.learn.em.znorm
bob.learn.em.ztnorm
bob.learn.em.ztnorm_same_value
Detailed Information
--------------------
......
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